Added version release notes

See link:https://www.ruby-lang.org/en/news/2024/04/23/ruby-3-3-1-released[details].

Milestone: patch

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+version: 2.1
+jobs:
+  build:
+    working_directory: ~/project
+    docker:
+      - image: bkuhlmann/alpine-ruby:latest
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+
+      - restore_cache:
+          name: Gems Restore
+          keys:
+            - gem-cache-{{.Branch}}-{{checksum "Gemfile"}}
+            - gem-cache-
+
+      - run:
+          name: Gems Install
+          command: |
+            gem update --system
+            bundle config set path "vendor/bundle"
+            bundle install
+
+      - save_cache:
+          name: Gems Store
+          key: gem-cache-{{.Branch}}-{{checksum "Gemfile"}}
+          paths:
+            - vendor/bundle
+
+      - run:
+          name: Rake
+          command: bundle exec rake

.config/rubocop/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+inherit_gem:
+  caliber: config/all.yml

.github/FUNDING.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+github: [bkuhlmann]

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,16 +1,8 @@
-## Expected Behavior
-<!-- Required. Describe, in detail, the behavior experienced. -->
+## Why
+<!-- Required. Describe, briefly, why this issue is important. -->
 
-## Actual Behavior
-<!-- Required. Describe, in detail, what should be the correct behavior. -->
+## How
+<!-- Optional. List exact steps (numbered) to implement or reproduce behavior. Screen shots/casts are welcome. -->
 
-## Steps to Recreate
-<!-- Required. List the exact steps to the reproduce errant behavior. -->
-
-0.
-
-## Environment
-<!-- Optional. What is your operating system, software version(s), etc. Delete if unused. -->
-
-## Screenshots/Screencasts
-<!-- Optional. Attach screenshots/screencasts that demo the behavior. Delete if unused. -->
+## Notes
+<!-- Optional. Provide additional details (i.e operating system, software version(s), stack dump, etc.) -->

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 ## Overview
-<!-- Required. Why is this important/necessary? -->
+<!-- Required. Why is this important/necessary and what is the overarching architecture. -->
+
+## Screenshots/Screencasts
+<!-- Optional. Provide supporting image/video. -->
 
 ## Details
 <!-- Optional. List the key features/highlights as bullet points. -->
-
-## Notes
-<!-- Optional. List additional notes/references as bullet points. Delete if unused. -->
-
-## Screenshots/Screencasts
-<!-- Optional. Provide image/video support. Delete if unused. -->

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Gemfile.lock

.ruby-version

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3.3.1

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-# v1.0.0 (2016-10-05)
-
-- Initial version.

CITATION.cff

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+cff-version: 1.2.0
+message: Please use the following metadata when citing this project in your work.
+title: macOS
+abstract: Shell scripts for automated macOS machine setup.
+version: 18.2.1
+license: Hippocratic-2.1
+date-released: 2024-05-02
+authors:
+  - family-names: Kuhlmann
+    given-names: Brooke
+    affiliation: Alchemists
+    orcid: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-6268
+keywords:
+ - bash
+ - shell
+ - scripts
+ - automation
+ - setup
+ - recovery
+repository-code: https://alchemists.io/projects/mac_os
+repository-artifact: https://alchemists.io/projects/mac_os

CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-# Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct
-
-## Our Pledge
-
-In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as contributors and maintainers pledge to making
-participation in our project and our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body size,
-disability, ethnicity, gender identity and expression, level of experience, nationality, personal appearance, race,
-religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
-
-## Our Standards
-
-Examples of behavior that contributes to creating a positive environment include:
-
-* Using welcoming and inclusive language
-* Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences
-* Gracefully accepting constructive criticism
-* Focusing on what is best for the community
-* Showing empathy towards other community members
-
-Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
-
-* The use of sexualized language or imagery and unwelcome sexual attention or advances
-* Trolling, insulting/derogatory comments, and personal or political attacks
-* Public or private harassment
-* Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or electronic address, without explicit permission
-* Other conduct which could reasonably be considered inappropriate in a professional setting
-
-## Our Responsibilities
-
-Project maintainers are responsible for clarifying the standards of acceptable behavior and are expected to take
-appropriate and fair corrective action in response to any instances of unacceptable behavior.
-
-Project maintainers have the right and responsibility to remove, edit, or reject comments, commits, code, wiki edits,
-issues, and other contributions that are not aligned to this Code of Conduct, or to ban temporarily or permanently any
-contributor for other behaviors that they deem inappropriate, threatening, offensive, or harmful.
-
-## Scope
-
-This Code of Conduct applies both within project spaces and in public spaces when an individual is representing the
-project or its community. Examples of representing a project or community include using an official project e-mail
-address, posting via an official social media account, or acting as an appointed representative at an online or offline
-event. Representation of a project may be further defined and clarified by project maintainers.
-
-## Enforcement
-
-Instances of abusive, harassing, or otherwise unacceptable behavior may be reported by contacting the project team at
-[brooke@alchemists.io](mailto:brooke@alchemists.io). All complaints will be reviewed and investigated and will result in
-a response that is deemed necessary and appropriate to the circumstances. The project team is obligated to maintain
-confidentiality with regard to the reporter of an incident. Further details of specific enforcement policies may be
-posted separately.
-
-Project maintainers who do not follow or enforce the Code of Conduct in good faith may face temporary or permanent
-repercussions as determined by other members of the project's leadership.
-
-## Attribution
-
-This Code of Conduct is adapted from the [Contributor Covenant][homepage], version 1.4,
-available at [http://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4][version]
-
-[homepage]: http://contributor-covenant.org
-[version]: http://contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-# Overview
-
-Thanks for taking an interest in this open source project. Your support and involvement is greatly appreciated. The
-following details what you need to know in order to contribute.
-
-# Requirements
-
-- Follow these [Basic Programming Styles](https://github.com/bkuhlmann/style_guides/blob/master/programming/basic.md).
-- Follow these [Code Review Styles](https://github.com/bkuhlmann/style_guides/blob/master/programming/code_reviews.md).
-- Follow these [Git Styles](https://github.com/bkuhlmann/style_guides/blob/master/programming/git.md).
-- Follow these [Bash Styles](https://github.com/bkuhlmann/style_guides/blob/master/programming/languages/bash.md).
-- Follow these [CSS Styles](https://github.com/bkuhlmann/style_guides/blob/master/programming/languages/css.md).
-- Follow these [Ruby Styles](https://github.com/bkuhlmann/style_guides/blob/master/programming/languages/ruby/ruby.md).
-
-# Contributing Code
-
-0. Read the project README thoroughly before starting.
-0. Fork the master branch of the repository.
-0. Ensure there are no setup, usage, and/or test issues (again, follow the README).
-0. Add tests for new functionality (refactoring and documentation changes can be excluded).
-0. Ensure all tests pass.
-0. Push your feature branch and submit a pull request.
-
-# Submitting Issues
-
-0. Submit an issue via the GitHub Issues tab (assuming one does not already exist).
-0. Clearly describe the issue (including steps to reproduce).
-0. Specify your enviroment setup (OS, browser, language, etc. with version info).
-0. Provide a stack dump (if possible).
-0. Explain any additional details that might help diagnose the problem quickly.
-
-# Feedback
-
-Expect a response within one to three business days.
-Changes, alternatives, and/or improvements might be suggested upon review.

Gemfile

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+ruby file: ".ruby-version"
+
+source "https://rubygems.org"
+
+gem "caliber", "~> 0.51"
+gem "debug", "~> 1.9"
+gem "git-lint", "~> 7.3"
+gem "rake", "~> 13.2"

LICENSE.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+= Hippocratic License
+
+Version: 2.1.0.
+
+Purpose. The purpose of this License is for the Licensor named above to
+permit the Licensee (as defined below) broad permission, if consistent
+with Human Rights Laws and Human Rights Principles (as each is defined
+below), to use and work with the Software (as defined below) within the
+full scope of Licensor’s copyright and patent rights, if any, in the
+Software, while ensuring attribution and protecting the Licensor from
+liability.
+
+Permission and Conditions. The Licensor grants permission by this
+license ("License"), free of charge, to the extent of Licensor’s
+rights under applicable copyright and patent law, to any person or
+entity (the "Licensee") obtaining a copy of this software and
+associated documentation files (the "Software"), to do everything with
+the Software that would otherwise infringe (i) the Licensor’s copyright
+in the Software or (ii) any patent claims to the Software that the
+Licensor can license or becomes able to license, subject to all of the
+following terms and conditions:
+
+* Acceptance. This License is automatically offered to every person and
+entity subject to its terms and conditions. Licensee accepts this
+License and agrees to its terms and conditions by taking any action with
+the Software that, absent this License, would infringe any intellectual
+property right held by Licensor.
+* Notice. Licensee must ensure that everyone who gets a copy of any part
+of this Software from Licensee, with or without changes, also receives
+the License and the above copyright notice (and if included by the
+Licensor, patent, trademark and attribution notice). Licensee must cause
+any modified versions of the Software to carry prominent notices stating
+that Licensee changed the Software. For clarity, although Licensee is
+free to create modifications of the Software and distribute only the
+modified portion created by Licensee with additional or different terms,
+the portion of the Software not modified must be distributed pursuant to
+this License. If anyone notifies Licensee in writing that Licensee has
+not complied with this Notice section, Licensee can keep this License by
+taking all practical steps to comply within 30 days after the notice. If
+Licensee does not do so, Licensee’s License (and all rights licensed
+hereunder) shall end immediately.
+* Compliance with Human Rights Principles and Human Rights Laws.
+[arabic]
+. Human Rights Principles.
+[loweralpha]
+.. Licensee is advised to consult the articles of the United Nations
+Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Global
+Compact that define recognized principles of international human rights
+(the "Human Rights Principles"). Licensee shall use the Software in a
+manner consistent with Human Rights Principles.
+.. Unless the Licensor and Licensee agree otherwise, any dispute,
+controversy, or claim arising out of or relating to (i) Section 1(a)
+regarding Human Rights Principles, including the breach of Section 1(a),
+termination of this License for breach of the Human Rights Principles,
+or invalidity of Section 1(a) or (ii) a determination of whether any Law
+is consistent or in conflict with Human Rights Principles pursuant to
+Section 2, below, shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the
+Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration (the "Rules");
+provided, however, that Licensee may elect not to participate in such
+arbitration, in which event this License (and all rights licensed
+hereunder) shall end immediately. The number of arbitrators shall be one
+unless the Rules require otherwise.
++
+Unless both the Licensor and Licensee agree to the contrary: (1) All
+documents and information concerning the arbitration shall be public and
+may be disclosed by any party; (2) The repository referred to under
+Article 43 of the Rules shall make available to the public in a timely
+manner all documents concerning the arbitration which are communicated
+to it, including all submissions of the parties, all evidence admitted
+into the record of the proceedings, all transcripts or other recordings
+of hearings and all orders, decisions and awards of the arbitral
+tribunal, subject only to the arbitral tribunal’s powers to take such
+measures as may be necessary to safeguard the integrity of the arbitral
+process pursuant to Articles 18, 33, 41 and 42 of the Rules; and (3)
+Article 26(6) of the Rules shall not apply.
+. Human Rights Laws. The Software shall not be used by any person or
+entity for any systems, activities, or other uses that violate any Human
+Rights Laws. "Human Rights Laws" means any applicable laws,
+regulations, or rules (collectively, "Laws") that protect human,
+civil, labor, privacy, political, environmental, security, economic, due
+process, or similar rights; provided, however, that such Laws are
+consistent and not in conflict with Human Rights Principles (a dispute
+over the consistency or a conflict between Laws and Human Rights
+Principles shall be determined by arbitration as stated above). Where
+the Human Rights Laws of more than one jurisdiction are applicable or in
+conflict with respect to the use of the Software, the Human Rights Laws
+that are most protective of the individuals or groups harmed shall
+apply.
+. Indemnity. Licensee shall hold harmless and indemnify Licensor (and
+any other contributor) against all losses, damages, liabilities,
+deficiencies, claims, actions, judgments, settlements, interest, awards,
+penalties, fines, costs, or expenses of whatever kind, including
+Licensor’s reasonable attorneys’ fees, arising out of or relating to
+Licensee’s use of the Software in violation of Human Rights Laws or
+Human Rights Principles.
+* Failure to Comply. Any failure of Licensee to act according to the
+terms and conditions of this License is both a breach of the License and
+an infringement of the intellectual property rights of the Licensor
+(subject to exceptions under Laws, e.g., fair use). In the event of a
+breach or infringement, the terms and conditions of this License may be
+enforced by Licensor under the Laws of any jurisdiction to which
+Licensee is subject. Licensee also agrees that the Licensor may enforce
+the terms and conditions of this License against Licensee through
+specific performance (or similar remedy under Laws) to the extent
+permitted by Laws. For clarity, except in the event of a breach of this
+License, infringement, or as otherwise stated in this License, Licensor
+may not terminate this License with Licensee.
+* Enforceability and Interpretation. If any term or provision of this
+License is determined to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable by a
+court of competent jurisdiction, then such invalidity, illegality, or
+unenforceability shall not affect any other term or provision of this
+License or invalidate or render unenforceable such term or provision in
+any other jurisdiction; provided, however, subject to a court
+modification pursuant to the immediately following sentence, if any term
+or provision of this License pertaining to Human Rights Laws or Human
+Rights Principles is deemed invalid, illegal, or unenforceable against
+Licensee by a court of competent jurisdiction, all rights in the
+Software granted to Licensee shall be deemed null and void as between
+Licensor and Licensee. Upon a determination that any term or provision
+is invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, to the extent permitted by Laws,
+the court may modify this License to affect the original purpose that
+the Software be used in compliance with Human Rights Principles and
+Human Rights Laws as closely as possible. The language in this License
+shall be interpreted as to its fair meaning and not strictly for or
+against any party.
+* Disclaimer. TO THE FULL EXTENT ALLOWED BY LAW, THIS SOFTWARE COMES
+"AS IS," WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND LICENSOR AND
+ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO ANYONE FOR ANY DAMAGES OR
+OTHER LIABILITY ARISING FROM, OUT OF, OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE
+OR THIS LICENSE, UNDER ANY KIND OF LEGAL CLAIM.
+
+This Hippocratic License is an link:https://ethicalsource.dev[Ethical Source license] and is offered
+for use by licensors and licensees at their own risk, on an "AS IS" basis, and with no warranties
+express or implied, to the maximum extent permitted by Laws.

LICENSE.md

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-Copyright (c) 2016 [Alchemists](https://www.alchemists.io).
-
-Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
-a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
-"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
-without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
-distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
-permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
-the following conditions:
-
-The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
-included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
-EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
-MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
-NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
-LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
-OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
-WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

README.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+:toc: macro
+:toclevels: 5
+:figure-caption!:
+
+= macOS
+
+Shell scripts for automated macOS machine setup.
+
+This project is a framework for automating the setup of a macOS machine. In order to illustrate the
+potential of what this project can do, please see the companion
+link:https://alchemists.io/projects/mac_os-config[macOS Config] project for details. The _macOS
+Config_ project is an opinionated configuration which meets the needs of my development environment
+but is also meant to serve as an example and guide for building your own personalized setup. Here is
+how the two projects are meant to be used:
+
+* *macOS* (this project) - The foundational framework for building custom macOS machine setups.
+* *link:https://alchemists.io/projects/mac_os-config[macOS Configuration]* - The layer on top of
+  this _macOS_ project which defines a custom machine implementation. The project is meant to be
+  forked for as many custom machine setups as needed.
+
+toc::[]
+
+== Features
+
+* Provides a command line interface, written in Bash, with no additional dependencies for
+  installation and management of a macOS machine.
+* Supports macOS boot disk creation for fresh install of operating system.
+* Installs link:https://developer.apple.com/xcode[Xcode Command Line Tools].
+* Installs link:http://brew.sh[Homebrew] formulas and casks.
+* Installs link:http://www.apple.com/macosx/whats-new/app-store.html[App Store] software.
+* Installs non-App Store software applications.
+* Installs software application extensions.
+* Installs dotfiles.
+* Installs link:https://nodejs.org[Node] link:https://www.npmjs.com[packages].
+* Installs link:https://www.ruby-lang.org[Ruby] link:https://rubygems.org[gems].
+* Installs link:https://www.rust-lang.org[Rust] link:https://crates.io[crates].
+* Applies basic default software settings.
+* Configures installed software.
+* Supports restoration of machine backups.
+
+== Requirements
+
+. link:https://www.apple.com/macos/sonoma[macOS Sonoma]
+. link:https://developer.apple.com/xcode[Xcode]
+
+== Setup
+
+To install, run:
+
+[source,bash]
+----
+git clone https://github.com/bkuhlmann/mac_os.git
+cd mac_os
+git checkout 18.2.0
+----
+
+== Usage
+
+Run the following:
+
+[source,bash]
+----
+bin/run
+----
+
+You will be presented with the following options (listed in order of
+use):
+
+....
+Boot:
+   B:  Create boot disk.
+Install:
+   b:  Apply basic settings.
+   t:  Install development tools.
+  hf:  Install Homebrew Formulas.
+  hc:  Install Homebrew Casks.
+   m:  Install Mac App Store software.
+   a:  Install application software.
+   x:  Install application software extensions.
+  df:  Install dotfiles.
+  np:  Install Node packages.
+  rg:  Install Ruby gems.
+  rc:  Install Rust crates.
+   d:  Apply default settings.
+  cs:  Configure installed software.
+   i:  Install everything (i.e. executes all install options in order listed).
+Restore:
+   R:  Restore settings from backup.
+Manage:
+   c:  Check status of managed software.
+   C:  Caffeinate machine.
+  ua:  Uninstall application software.
+  ux:  Uninstall application software extension.
+  ra:  Reinstall application software.
+  rx:  Reinstall application software extension.
+   w:  Clean work (temp) directory.
+   q:  Quit/Exit.
+....
+
+Choose option `i` to run a full install or select a specific option to run a single action. Each
+option is designed to be re-run if necessary. This can also be handy for performing upgrades,
+re-running a missing/failed install, etc.
+
+The option prompt can be skipped by passing the desired option directly to the `bin/run` script. For
+example, executing `bin/run i` will execute the full install process.
+
+The machine should be rebooted after all install tasks have completed to ensure all settings have
+been loaded.
+
+It is recommended that the `mac_os` project directory not be deleted and kept on the local machine
+in order to manage installed software and benefit from future upgrades.
+
+=== Boot Disk
+
+When attempting to create a boot disk via `bin/run B`, you’ll be presented with the following
+documentation (provided here for reference):
+
+....
+macOS Boot Disk Tips
+  - Use a USB drive (8GB or higher).
+  - Use Disk Utility to format the USB drive as "Mac OS Extended (Journaled)".
+  - Use Disk Utility to label the USB drive as "Untitled".
+
+macOS Boot Disk Usage:
+  1. Insert the USB boot disk into the machine to be upgraded.
+  2. Reboot the machine.
+  3. Hold the POWER (Silicon) or OPTION (Intel) key before the Apple logo appears.
+  4. Select the USB boot disk from the menu.
+  5. Use Disk Utility to delete and/or erase the hard drive including associated partitions.
+  6. Use Disk Utility to create a single "APFS" drive as a "GUID Partition Table".
+  7. Install the new operating system.
+
+macOS Boot Disk Recovery:
+  1. Start/restart the machine.
+  2. Hold the POWER (Silicon) or COMMAND+R (Intel) keys before the Apple logo appears.
+  3. Wait for the macOS installer to load from the recovery partition.
+  4. Use the dialog options to launch Disk Utility, reinstall the system, etc.
+....
+
+=== Customization
+
+All executable scripts can be found in the `bin` folder:
+
+* `bin/apply_basic_settings` (optional, customizable): Applies basic and initial settings for
+  setting up a machine.
+* `bin/apply_default_settings` (optional, customizable): Applies bare minimum system and application
+  defaults.
+* `bin/configure_software` (optional, customizable): Configures installed software as part of the
+  post install process.
+* `bin/create_boot_disk` (optional): Creates a macOS boot disk.
+* `bin/install_app_store` (optional, customizable): Installs macOS, GUI-based, App Store
+  applications.
+* `bin/install_applications` (optional, customizable): Installs macOS, GUI-based, non-App Store
+  applications.
+* `bin/install_dev_tools` (required): Installs macOS development tools required by Homebrew.
+* `bin/install_dotfiles` (optional, customizable): Installs personal dotfiles so the system is
+  tailored to your workflow.
+* `bin/install_extensions` (optional, customizable): Installs macOS application extensions and
+  add-ons.
+* `bin/install_homebrew_casks` (optional, customizable): Installs Homebrew Formulas.
+* `bin/install_homebrew_formulas` (optional, customizable): Installs Homebrew Casks.
+* `bin/install_node_packages` (optional, customizable): Installs Node packages.
+* `bin/install_ruby_gems` (optional, customizable): Installs Ruby gems.
+* `bin/install_rust_crates` (optional, customizable): Installs Rust crates.
+* `bin/restore_backup` (optional, customizable): Restores system/application settings from backup
+  image.
+* `bin/run` (required): The main script and interface for macOS setup.
+
+The `lib` folder provides the base framework for installing, re-installing, and uninstalling
+software. Everything provided via the link:https://alchemists.io/projects/mac_os-config[macOS
+Config] project is built upon the functions found in the `lib` folder. See the
+link:https://alchemists.io/projects/mac_os-config[macOS Config] project for further details.
+
+* `lib/settings.sh`: Defines global settings for software applications, extensions, etc.
+
+=== Troubleshooting
+
+* *Pi-hole*: When using link:https://pi-hole.net[Pi-hole], you might need to temporarily disable
+  prior to upgrading as you might experience various errors with Apple not being able to detect an
+  internet connection which prevents the installer from working.
+* *Recovery Mode*: When using the boot disk and the installer fails in some catastrophic manner,
+  reboot the machine into recovery mode -- pass:[<kbd>POWER</kbd>] (Silicon) or
+  pass:[<kbd>COMMAND</kbd>] + pass:[<kbd>r</kbd>] (Intel) buttons -- to download and install the
+  last operating system used. Alternatively, you can also use pass:[<kbd>COMMAND</kbd>] +
+  pass:[<kbd>OPTION</kbd>] + pass:[<kbd>r</kbd>] (Intel) to attempt to download the latest operating
+  system.
+* *NVRAM/PRAM Reset*: When using the boot disk, you might experience a situation where you see a
+  black screen with a white circle and diagonal line running through it. This means macOS lost or
+  can't find the boot disk for some reason. To correct this, shut down and boot up the system again
+  while holding down pass:[<kbd>OPTION</kbd>] + pass:[<kbd>COMMAND</kbd>] + pass:[<kbd>r</kbd>] +
+  pass:[<kbd>p</kbd>] (Intel) keys simultaneously. You might want to wait for the system boot sound
+  to happen a few times before releasing the keys. This will clear the system NVRAM/PRAM. At this
+  point you can shut down and restart the system following the boot disk instructions (the boot disk
+  will be recognized now).
+* *System Management Controller (SMC) Reset*: Sometimes it can help to reset the SMC to improve
+  system speed. To fix, follow these steps:
+** Shut down your Mac.
+** Hold down pass:[<kbd>CONTROL</kbd>] + pass:[<kbd>OPTION</kbd>] on the left side of the keyboard
+   and pass:[<kbd>SHIFT</kbd>] on the right side of the keyboard.
+** After seven seconds, hold down the Power button as well.
+** Release all keys after another seven seconds.
+** Turn on your Mac.
+
+== Development
+
+To contribute, run:
+
+[source,bash]
+----
+git clone https://github.com/bkuhlmann/mac_os.git
+cd mac_os
+----
+
+== link:https://alchemists.io/policies/license[License]
+
+== link:https://alchemists.io/policies/security[Security]
+
+== link:https://alchemists.io/policies/code_of_conduct[Code of Conduct]
+
+== link:https://alchemists.io/policies/contributions[Contributions]
+
+== link:https://alchemists.io/projects/mac_os/versions[Versions]
+
+== link:https://alchemists.io/community[Community]
+
+== Credits
+
+Engineered by link:https://alchemists.io/team/brooke_kuhlmann[Brooke Kuhlmann].

README.md

@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-# macOS
-
-[![Patreon](https://img.shields.io/badge/patreon-donate-brightgreen.svg)](https://www.patreon.com/bkuhlmann)
-
-Shell scripts for automated macOS machine setup. This project provides the foundational tooling for
-automated macOS machine setup. To customize further see the companion
-[macOS Config](https://github.com/bkuhlmann/mac_os-config) project for details.
-
-<!-- Tocer[start]: Auto-generated, don't remove. -->
-
-# Table of Contents
-
-- [Features](#features)
-- [Requirements](#requirements)
-- [Setup](#setup)
-- [Usage](#usage)
-  - [Customization](#customization)
-- [Versioning](#versioning)
-- [Code of Conduct](#code-of-conduct)
-- [Contributions](#contributions)
-- [License](#license)
-- [History](#history)
-- [Credits](#credits)
-
-<!-- Tocer[finish]: Auto-generated, don't remove. -->
-
-# Features
-
-- Provides a command line interface for installation and management of macOS software.
-- Downloads and installs development tooling (required by Homebrew):
-    - [Xcode Command Line Tools](https://developer.apple.com/xcode)
-    - [Java SE Development Kit](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html)
-- Downloads, installs, and configures [Homebrew](http://brew.sh) command line software.
-- Downloads, installs, and configures software applications generally not in the
-  [App Store](http://www.apple.com/macosx/whats-new/app-store.html).
-- Downloads, installs, and configures software extensions.
-
-# Requirements
-
-0. [macOS](https://www.apple.com/macos) (with latest software updates applied)
-0. [Xcode](https://developer.apple.com/xcode) (with accepted license agreement)
-
-# Setup
-
-Open a terminal window and execute one of the following setup sequences depending on your version
-preference:
-
-Current Version (stable):
-
-    git clone https://github.com/bkuhlmann/mac_os.git
-    cd mac_os
-    git checkout v1.0.0
-
-Master Version (unstable):
-
-    git clone https://github.com/bkuhlmann/mac_os.git
-    cd mac_os
-
-# Usage
-
-Run the following script:
-
-    bin/run
-
-You will be presented with the following options:
-
-    Boot:
-      B:  Create boot disk.
-    Install:
-      b:  Apply basic system settings.
-      t:  Install development tools.
-      h:  Install Homebrew software.
-      a:  Install application software.
-      x:  Install application software extensions.
-      d:  Apply software defaults.
-      s:  Setup installed software.
-      i:  Install everything (i.e. executes all install options).
-    Restore:
-      R:  Restore settings from backup.
-    Manage:
-      c:  Check status of managed software.
-      C:  Caffeinate machine.
-      ua: Uninstall application software.
-      ux: Uninstall application software extension.
-      ra: Reinstall application software.
-      rx: Reinstall application software extension.
-      w:  Clean work (temp) directory.
-      q:  Quit/Exit.
-
-Choose option `i` to run all install options or select a specific option to run a single option.
-Each option is designed to be re-run if necessary. This can also be handy for performing upgrades,
-re-running a missing/failed install, etc.
-
-The option prompt can be skipped by passing the desired option directly to the run.sh script. For
-example, executing `./run.sh i` will execute the complete software install process.
-
-The machine should be rebooted after all install tasks have completed to ensure all settings have
-been loaded.
-
-It is recommended that the `mac_os` project directory not be deleted and kept on the local machine
-in order to manage installed software and benefit from future upgrades.
-
-## Customization
-
-Global settings can be configured via the following script:
-
-- `lib/settings.sh`
-
-All script programs can be found in the `bin` folder:
-
-- `bin/create_boot_disk` = Creates macOS boot disk.
-- `bin/install_dev_tools` = Installs macOS development tools required by Homebrew.
-- `bin/run` - The main script and interface for macOS setup.
-
-The `lib` folder provides foundational functions for installing, re-installing, and uninstalling
-software. Everything provided via the [macOS Config](https://github.com/bkuhlmann/mac_os-config)
-project is built upon the functions found in the `lib` folder. See the
-[macOS Config](https://github.com/bkuhlmann/mac_os-config) project for further details.
-
-# Versioning
-
-Read [Semantic Versioning](http://semver.org) for details. Briefly, it means:
-
-- Patch (x.y.Z) - Incremented for small, backwards compatible bug fixes.
-- Minor (x.Y.z) - Incremented for new, backwards compatible public API enhancements and/or bug fixes.
-- Major (X.y.z) - Incremented for any backwards incompatible public API changes.
-
-# Code of Conduct
-
-Please note that this project is released with a [CODE OF CONDUCT](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md). By
-participating in this project you agree to abide by its terms.
-
-# Contributions
-
-Read [CONTRIBUTING](CONTRIBUTING.md) for details.
-
-# License
-
-Copyright (c) 2016 [Alchemists](https://www.alchemists.io).
-Read the [LICENSE](LICENSE.md) for details.
-
-# History
-
-Read the [CHANGELOG](CHANGELOG.md) for details.
-Built with [Bashsmith](https://github.com/bkuhlmann/bashsmith).
-
-# Credits
-
-Developed by [Brooke Kuhlmann](https://www.alchemists.io) at
-[Alchemists](https://www.alchemists.io).

Rakefile

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "git/lint/rake/register"
+require "rubocop/rake_task"
+
+Git::Lint::Rake::Register.call
+RuboCop::RakeTask.new
+
+desc "Run code quality checks"
+task quality: %i[git_lint rubocop]
+
+task default: :quality

VERSIONS.adoc

@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+= Versions
+
+== 18.2.1 (2024-05-02)
+
+* 🔼 Updated to Ruby 3.3.1 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 18.2.0 (2024-04-21)
+
+* 🔼 Updated RuboCop to use XDG local configuration - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* 🔼 Updated to Caliber 0.51.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* 🔼 Updated to Git Lint 7.1.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* 🔼 Updated to Git Lint 7.3.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* 🔼 Updated to Rake 13.2.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 18.1.0 (2024-02-25)
+
+* 🔼 Updated to Caliber 0.50.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* 🔁 Refactored bin script printing - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* 🔁 Refactored library functions - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 18.0.0 (2024-01-06)
+
+* Added Rakefile quality task - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated Circle CI step names - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated GitHub issue template with simplified sections - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated gem dependencies - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Caliber 0.42.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Ruby 3.3.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Refactored Gemfile to use ruby file syntax - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 17.0.0 (2023-09-28)
+
+* Added Debug gem - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to macOS Sonoma - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 16.0.4 (2023-06-19)
+
+* Updated to Caliber 0.35.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Git Lint 6.0.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Refinements 11.0.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 16.0.3 (2023-05-18)
+
+* Updated to Caliber 0.30.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 16.0.2 (2023-04-02)
+
+* Fixed programs without extensions to install to user directory - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated site URLs to use bare domain - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Ruby 3.2.1 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Ruby 3.2.2 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 16.0.1 (2023-02-05)
+
+* Added Rake binstub - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Caliber 0.21.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Caliber 0.25.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Git Lint 5.0.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 16.0.0 (2022-12-25)
+
+* Fixed Node installer to detect Node and version - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Fixed Ruby installer to pass configuration options - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated README sections - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated installs for basic, default, and shell scripts - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated run script to distinquish between applications and libraries - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Caliber 0.11.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Caliber 0.16.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Ruby 3.1.3 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Ruby 3.2.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to macOS Ventura - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Removed configure software script - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Removed mention of Intel CPUs from boot disk instructions - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Removed system update from Ruby install - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Removed uninstallers and reinstallers - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Refactored download file function to use multi-line curl command - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 15.0.5 (2022-05-07)
+
+* Updated to Caliber 0.6.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Caliber 0.7.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Caliber 0.8.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 15.0.4 (2022-04-17)
+
+* Added GitHub sponsorship configuration - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Caliber 0.4.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Caliber 0.5.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Git Lint 4.0.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Ruby 3.1.2 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 15.0.3 (2022-03-16)
+
+* Fixed Homebrew install to initially default to ZSH - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 15.0.2 (2022-03-03)
+
+* Fixed Hippocratic License to be 2.1.0 version - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added Caliber gem - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added Ruby version to Gemfile - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated default Rake task to include Git Lint and Rubocop - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Git Lint 3.2.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Ruby 3.1.1 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Removed README badges - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 15.0.1 (2022-01-01)
+
+* Updated README policy section links - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated changes as versions documentation - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Git Lint 3.0.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Removed code of conduct and contributing files - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 15.0.0 (2021-12-27)
+
+* Fixed Hippocratic license structure - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Fixed README changes and credits sections - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Fixed Rubocop Bundler/OrderedGems issue - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Fixed contributing documentation - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added README community link - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added README troubleshooting guide for SMC reset - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added project citation information - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated GitHub issue template - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Hippocratic License 3.0.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Ruby 3.0.3 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Ruby 3.1.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 14.0.0 (2021-10-25)
+
+* Updated to macOS Monterey - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Removed notes from pull request template - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 13.0.0 (2021-08-01)
+
+* Added install Node function - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated Node package install script to use NPM - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated Ruby installer to use Frum - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated shell option help text - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Removed NPM install check function - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 12.0.1 (2021-07-17)
+
+* Updated to Ruby 3.0.1 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Ruby 3.0.2 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 12.0.0 (2021-03-16)
+
+* Fixed environment configuration to source Bash resource - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added Homebrew installation to Homebrew sripts - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added Node packages script - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added Ruby gems script - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added Rust crates script - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added bare package installer - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added dotfiles script - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added mas check to App Store install script - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added version release notes - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated dev tools installer to agree to Rosetta license - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated install root detection to support Elm - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated setup software as configure software script - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Removed CPU detection in favor of architecture detection - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Refactored install scripts to separate script paths - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 11.2.0 (2021-02-27)
+
+* Added Apple Silicon instructions - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added CPU utility function - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added Homebrew install function - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added Homebrew utility path functions - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added Rosetta to development tools install script - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added environment configuration for scripts - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Circle CI 2.1.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Docker Alpine Ruby image - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Refactored installer functions to be alphabetically sorted - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Refactored utility functions to be alphabetically sorted - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Refactored verifier functions to be alphabetically sorted - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 11.1.1 (2021-01-10)
+
+* Fixed brew formulae list error - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated boot disk recovery documentation - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 11.1.0 (2021-01-03)
+
+* Added caffeination to restore process - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated boot disk instructions for main disk format - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated troubleshooting documentation - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Removed README Startup Security Utility documentation - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 11.0.0 (2020-12-30)
+
+* Fixed Circle CI configuration for Bundler config path - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Added Circle CI explicit Bundle install configuration - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Git Lint 2.0.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+* Updated to Ruby 3.0.0 - Brooke Kuhlmann
+
+== 10.0.0 (2020-11-15)
+
+* Added macOS Big Sur support
+* Updated project documentation to conform to Rubysmith template
+* Updated to Git Lint 1.3.0
+* Updated to Ruby 2.7.2
+
+== 9.0.0 (2020-09-12)
+
+* Fixed Homebrew cask verifier deprecation warning
+* Removed Homebrew Mecurial formula verification check
+* Removed unnecessary verifier code comments
+* Refactored utility basename and extension utilities
+
+== 8.2.0 (2020-07-22)
+
+* Fixed project requirements
+* Fixed screencast image URL
+* Updated GitHub templates
+* Updated README credit URL
+* Updated README screencast URL
+* Updated README screencast cover to SVG format
+* Updated to Git Lint 1.0.0
+* Refactored Rakefile requirements
+
+== 8.1.0 (2020-04-01)
+
+* Added README production and development setup instructions
+* Updated Circle CI build label
+* Updated README screencast to use larger image
+* Updated documentation to ASCII Doc format
+* Updated to Code of Conduct 2.0.0
+* Updated to Git Cop 4.0.0
+* Updated to Ruby 2.7.1
+* Removed README images
+
+== 8.0.1 (2020-01-01)
+
+* Added Startup Security Utility to README.
+* Updated README screencast.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.7.0.
+* Refactored caffeinate machine function to process grep.
+
+== 8.0.0 (2019-10-12)
+
+* Updated to Rake 13.0.0.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.6.5.
+* Updated to macOS Catalina.
+
+== 7.2.1 (2019-09-01)
+
+* Updated README screencast tutorial.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.6.4.
+
+== 7.2.0 (2019-08-01)
+
+* Added file install function.
+
+== 7.1.2 (2019-06-01)
+
+* Updated contributing documentation.
+* Updated to Git Cop 3.5.0.
+
+== 7.1.1 (2019-05-01)
+
+* Added project icon to README.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.6.3.
+
+== 7.1.0 (2019-04-01)
+
+* Added XCode installer fix to troubleshooting section.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.6.1.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.6.2.
+
+== 7.0.0 (2019-01-01)
+
+* Fixed Circle CI cache for Ruby version.
+* Fixed installation of apps with no extension.
+* Fixed program installs.
+* Added Circle CI Bundler cache.
+* Added README boot disk documentation.
+* Added README troubleshooting section.
+* Updated to Git Cop 3.0.0.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.6.0.
+* Removed Java development tools from setup.
+* Removed download file function.
+
+== 6.1.0 (2018-11-01)
+
+* Updated to Java SE Development Kit 11.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.5.2.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.5.3.
+* Removed unnecessary source code comments.
+
+== 6.0.0 (2018-10-01)
+
+* Added XCode install tip.
+* Updated boot disk creation to macOS Mojave.
+* Updated to Contributor Covenant Code of Conduct 1.4.1.
+* Updated to Java SE Development Kit 10.
+
+== 5.0.0 (2018-08-01)
+
+* Fixed Markdown ordered list numbering.
+* Fixed verification of Homebrew formulas.
+* Added App Store application verification.
+* Added Homebrew cask application verifier.
+* Updated Git checkout to silence detached head warnings.
+* Updated README documentation.
+* Updated Semantic Versioning links to be HTTPS.
+* Updated boot disk format documentation.
+* Updated project changes to use semantic versions.
+* Removed Java install support.
+* Removed restorer functions.
+* Refactored function parameter documentation.
+* Refactored library function order.
+
+== 4.1.0 (2018-04-01)
+
+* Updated README license information.
+* Updated README screencast tutorial.
+* Updated to Circle CI 2.0.0 configuration.
+* Updated to Git Cop 2.2.0.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.5.1.
+* Removed Patreon badge from README.
+
+== 4.0.0 (2018-01-01)
+
+* Added Gemfile.lock to .gitignore.
+* Updated to Apache 2.0 license.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.4.3.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.5.0.
+
+== 3.1.0 (2017-11-26)
+
+* Updated Gemfile.lock file.
+* Updated boot disk documenation to mention APFS.
+* Updated to Bundler 1.16.0.
+* Updated to Git Cop 1.7.0.
+* Updated to Rake 12.3.0.
+* Updated to Rubocop 0.51.0.
+
+== 3.0.0 (2017-10-01)
+
+* Fixed table of contents.
+* Updated boot disk creation to use macOS High Sierra.
+* Updated gem dependencies.
+* Updated to Git Cop 1.6.0.
+* Updated to Ruby 2.4.2.
+
+== 2.2.0 (2017-07-16)
+
+* Added Git Cop support.
+* Updated CONTRIBUTING documentation.
+* Updated GitHub templates.
+* Updated README headers.
+* Updated gem dependencies.
+
+== 2.1.0 (2017-04-29)
+
+* Fixed Java SE Development Kit install.
+* Fixed install-all command
+
+== 2.0.0 (2017-04-09)
+
+* Added Homebrew Casks install script.
+* Updated README semantic versioning order.
+* Updated contributing documentation.
+* Refactored Homebrew software as Homebrew Formulas.
+
+== 1.3.1 (2017-01-08)
+
+* Fixed install of zip app downloads with sub-directories.
+
+== 1.3.0 (2017-01-01)
+
+* Updated README versioning documentation.
+* Removed CHANGELOG.md (use CHANGES.md instead).
+
+== 1.2.0 (2016-10-12)
+
+* Fixed reinstaller path issues with application and extension scripts.
+* Added screencast to README.
+
+== 1.1.0 (2016-10-11)
+
+* Fixed Bash script header to dynamically load correct environment.
+* Fixed verification of Homebrew application installs.
+* Added script hook for App Store software install.
+* Added script hooks for unfinished custom configurations.
+* Updated and clarified README documentation.
+
+== 1.0.0 (2016-10-05)
+
+* Initial version.

bin/create_boot_disk

@@ -1,36 +1,35 @@
-#! /bin/bash
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
 
-# DESCRIPTION
 # Creates macOS boot disk.
 
-# EXECUTION
-printf "macOS Boot Disk Tips\n"
-printf "  - Use a USB drive (8GB or higher is best).\n"
-printf "  - Use Disk Utility to format the USB drive (Use \"Untitled\" for the label).\n"
-printf "\nmacOS Boot Disk Usage:\n"
-printf "  1. Insert the USB boot disk into the machine to be upgraded.\n"
-printf "  2. Reboot the machine.\n"
-printf "  3. Hold down the OPTION key before the Apple logo appears.\n"
-printf "  4. Select the USB boot disk from the menu.\n"
-printf "  5. Format the machine's internal drive using Disk Utility.\n"
-printf "  6. Install the new operating system.\n"
-printf "\nmacOS Reinstall:\n"
-printf "  1. Click the Apple icon from the operating system main menu.\n"
-printf "  2. Select the \"Restart...\" menu option.\n"
-printf "  3. Hold down the COMMAND+R keys before the Apple logo appears.\n"
-printf "  4. Wait for the macOS installer to load from the recovery partition.\n"
-printf "  5. Use the dialog options to launch Disk Utility, reinstall the system, etc.\n"
+printf "%s\n" "macOS Boot Disk Tips"
+printf "%s\n" "  - Use a USB drive (8GB or higher)."
+printf "%s\n" "  - Use Disk Utility to format the USB drive as \"APSF\"."
+printf "%s\n" "  - Use Disk Utility to label the USB drive as \"Untitled\"."
+printf "\n%s\n" "macOS Boot Disk Usage:"
+printf "%s\n" "  1. Insert the USB boot disk into the machine to be upgraded."
+printf "%s\n" "  2. Reboot the machine."
+printf "%s\n" "  3. Press and hold the POWER key before the Apple logssssso appears."
+printf "%s\n" "  4. Select the USB boot disk from the menu."
+printf "%s\n" "  5. Use Disk Utility to delete and/or erase the hard drive including associated partitions."
+printf "%s\n" "  6. Use Disk Utility to create a single \"APFS\" drive."
+printf "%s\n" "  7. Install the new operating system."
+printf "\n%s\n" "macOS Boot Disk Recovery:"
+printf "%s\n" "  1. Start/restart the machine."
+printf "%s\n" "  2. Press and hold the POWER key before the Apple logo appears."
+printf "%s\n" "  3. Wait for the macOS installer to load from the recovery partition."
+printf "%s\n" "  4. Use the dialog options to launch Disk Utility, reinstall the system, etc."
 
-printf "\nCreating macOS boot disk...\n"
+printf "\n%s\n" "Creating macOS boot disk..."
 
-if [[ ! -d "$MAC_OS_INSTALLER_PATH" ]]; then
-  printf "ERROR: macOS installer does not exist: $MAC_OS_INSTALLER_PATH. Use the App Store to download.\n"
+if [[ ! -e "$MAC_OS_BOOT_DISK_CREATOR" ]]; then
+  printf "%s\n" "ERROR: macOS installer does not exist: $MAC_OS_BOOT_DISK_CREATOR. Use System Preferences → Software Update to download."
   exit 1
 fi
 
 if [[ ! -d "$MAC_OS_BOOT_DISK_PATH" ]]; then
-  printf "ERROR: Boot disk must be mounted at: $MAC_OS_BOOT_DISK_PATH.\n"
+  printf "%s\n" "ERROR: Boot disk must be mounted at: $MAC_OS_BOOT_DISK_PATH."
   exit 1
 fi
 
-sudo "$MAC_OS_BOOT_DISK_CREATOR" --volume "$MAC_OS_BOOT_DISK_PATH" --applicationpath "$MAC_OS_INSTALLER_PATH" --nointeraction
+sudo "$MAC_OS_BOOT_DISK_CREATOR" --volume "$MAC_OS_BOOT_DISK_PATH" --downloadassets --nointeraction

bin/install_app_store

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Installs App Store software.
+
+set -o nounset
+set -o errexit
+set -o pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_app_store"
+
+if [[ -x "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]]; then
+  check_mas_install
+  "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+else
+  printf "%s\n" "WARNING: App Store install script does not exist or is not executable."
+fi

bin/install_applications

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Installs applications.
+
+set -o nounset
+set -o errexit
+set -o pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_applications"
+
+if [[ -x "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]]; then
+  "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+else
+  printf "%s\n" "WARNING: Applications install script does not exist or is not executable."
+fi

bin/install_basics

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Installs basic system settings.
+
+set -o nounset
+set -o errexit
+set -o pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_basics"
+
+if [[ -x "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]]; then
+  "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+else
+  printf "%s\n" "WARNING: Basic settings script does not exist or is not executable."
+fi

bin/install_defaults

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Installs system and application default settings.
+
+set -o nounset
+set -o errexit
+set -o pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_defaults"
+
+if [[ -x "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]]; then
+  "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+else
+  printf "%s\n" "WARNING: Default settings script does not exist or is not executable."
+fi

bin/install_dev_tools

@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
-#! /bin/bash
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
 
-# DESCRIPTION
 # Installs development tooling requirements.
 
-printf "Installing Xcode CLI tools...\n"
+printf "%s\n" "Installing Xcode CLI tools..."
 xcode-select --install
 
-read -p "Have you completed the Xcode CLI tools install (y/n)? " response
-if [[ "$response" != "y" ]]; then
-  printf "ERROR: Xcode CLI tools must be installed before proceeding.\n"
+printf "%s\n" "💡 ALT+TAB to view and accept Xcode license window."
+read -p "Have you completed the Xcode CLI tools install (y/n)? " xcode_response
+if [[ "$xcode_response" != "y" ]]; then
+  printf "%s\n" "ERROR: Xcode CLI tools must be installed before proceeding."
   exit 1
 fi
 
-printf "Installing Java...\n"
-install_java "$JAVA_URL" "$JAVA_VOLUME_NAME"
+if [[ "$(/usr/bin/arch)" == "arm64" ]]; then
+  softwareupdate --install-rosetta --agree-to-license
+fi

bin/install_extensions

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Installs application extensions.
+
+set -o nounset
+set -o errexit
+set -o pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_extensions"
+
+if [[ -x "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]]; then
+  "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+else
+  printf "%s\n" "WARNING: Application extensions install script does not exist or is not executable."
+fi

bin/install_homebrew_casks

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Installs Homebrew Cask software.
+
+set -o nounset
+set -o errexit
+set -o pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_homebrew_casks"
+
+if [[ -x "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]]; then
+  install_homebrew
+  "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+else
+  printf "%s\n" "WARNING: Homebrew Casks install script does not exist or is not executable."
+fi

bin/install_homebrew_formulas

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Installs Homebrew Formula software.
+
+set -o nounset
+set -o errexit
+set -o pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_homebrew_formulas"
+
+if [[ -x "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]]; then
+  install_homebrew
+  "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+else
+  printf "%s\n" "WARNING: Homebrew Formulas install script does not exist or is not executable."
+fi

bin/install_node_packages

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Installs Node packages.
+
+set -o nounset
+set -o errexit
+set -o pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_node_packages"
+
+if [[ -x "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]]; then
+  install_node
+  "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+else
+  printf "%s\n" "WARNING: Node packages install script does not exist or is not executable."
+fi

bin/install_ruby_gems

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Installs Ruby gems.
+
+set -o nounset
+set -o errexit
+set -o pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_ruby_gems"
+
+if [[ -x "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]]; then
+  install_ruby
+  "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+else
+  printf "%s\n" "WARNING: Ruby gems install script does not exist or is not executable."
+fi

bin/install_rust_crates

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Installs Rust crates.
+
+set -o nounset
+set -o errexit
+set -o pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_rust_crates"
+
+if [[ -x "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]]; then
+  install_rust
+  "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+else
+  printf "%s\n" "WARNING: Rust crates install script does not exist or is not executable."
+fi

bin/install_shell

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Installs shell.
+
+set -o nounset
+set -o errexit
+set -o pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_shell"
+
+if [[ -x "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]]; then
+  "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+else
+  printf "%s\n" "WARNING: Shell script does not exist or is not executable."
+fi

bin/rake

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env ruby
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "bundler/setup"
+
+load Gem.bin_path "rake", "rake"

bin/restore_backup

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
+
+# Performs restoration of backup data.
+
+set -o nounset
+set -o errexit
+set -o pipefail
+IFS=$'\n\t'
+
+SCRIPT_PATH="$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/restore_backup"
+
+if [[ -x "$SCRIPT_PATH" ]]; then
+  "$SCRIPT_PATH"
+else
+  printf "%s\n" "WARNING: Restore backup script does not exist or is not executable."
+fi

bin/run

@@ -1,66 +1,61 @@
-#! /bin/bash
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
 
-# DESCRIPTION
 # Executes the command line interface.
 
-# USAGE
-# ./run.sh OPTION
-
-# LIBRARY
 source lib/installers.sh
 source lib/options.sh
-source lib/reinstallers.sh
-source lib/restorers.sh
 source lib/settings.sh
-source lib/uninstallers.sh
 source lib/utilities.sh
 source lib/verifiers.sh
 
 if [[ -e "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH" ]]; then
   source "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/lib/settings.sh"
 else
-  printf "ERROR: Unable to load macOS configuration: $MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH.\n\n"
-  printf "Please check the following before continuing:\n"
-  printf "  • Download the default macOS configuration here: https://github.com/bkuhlmann/mac_os-config.\n"
-  printf "  • Customize as necessary for your setup or fork the project and make your own configuration.\n"
-  printf "  • When finished, your folder structure should look like this:\n"
-  printf "    • <root path>/mac_os:\n"
-  printf "    • <root path>/mac_os-config:\n"
+  printf "%s\n\n" "ERROR: Unable to load macOS configuration: $MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH."
+  printf "%s\n" "Please check the following before continuing:"
+  printf "%s\n" "  • Download the default macOS configuration here: https://github.com/bkuhlmann/mac_os-config."
+  printf "%s\n" "  • Customize as necessary for your setup or fork the project and make your own configuration."
+  printf "%s\n" "  • When finished, your folder structure should look like this:"
+  printf "%s\n" "    • <root path>/mac_os:"
+  printf "%s\n" "    • <root path>/mac_os-config:"
   exit 1
 fi
 
-# EXECUTION
+configure_environment
+
 while true; do
   if [[ $# == 0 ]]; then
-    printf "\nUsage: run OPTION\n"
-    printf "\nOSX Options:\n"
-    printf "  Boot:\n"
-    printf "    B:  Create boot disk.\n"
-    printf "  Install:\n"
-    printf "    b:  Apply basic settings.\n"
-    printf "    t:  Install development tools.\n"
-    printf "    h:  Install Homebrew software.\n"
-    printf "    a:  Install application software.\n"
-    printf "    x:  Install application software extensions.\n"
-    printf "    d:  Apply default settings.\n"
-    printf "    s:  Setup installed software.\n"
-    printf "    i:  Install everything (i.e. executes all install options).\n"
-    printf "  Restore:\n"
-    printf "    R:  Restore settings from backup.\n"
-    printf "  Manage:\n"
-    printf "    c:  Check status of managed software.\n"
-    printf "    C:  Caffeinate machine.\n"
-    printf "    ua: Uninstall application software.\n"
-    printf "    ux: Uninstall application software extension.\n"
-    printf "    ra: Reinstall application software.\n"
-    printf "    rx: Reinstall application software extension.\n"
-    printf "    w:  Clean work (temp) directory.\n"
-    printf "    q:  Quit/Exit.\n\n"
+    printf "\n%s\n" "Usage: run OPTION"
+    printf "\n%s\n" "OSX Options:"
+    printf "%s\n" "  Boot:"
+    printf "%s\n" "     B:  Create boot disk."
+    printf "%s\n" "  Install:"
+    printf "%s\n" "     b:  Install basics."
+    printf "%s\n" "     t:  Install development tools."
+    printf "%s\n" "    hf:  Install Homebrew Formulas."
+    printf "%s\n" "    hc:  Install Homebrew Casks."
+    printf "%s\n" "     m:  Install Mac App Store software."
+    printf "%s\n" "     a:  Install application software."
+    printf "%s\n" "     x:  Install application software extensions."
+    printf "%s\n" "     d:  Install defaults."
+    printf "%s\n" "     s:  Install shell."
+    printf "%s\n" "     r:  Restore backups."
+    printf "%s\n" "     i:  Install all (i.e. executes all of the above steps in order listed)."
+    printf "%s\n" "  Libraries:"
+    printf "%s\n" "    np:  Install Node packages."
+    printf "%s\n" "    rg:  Install Ruby gems."
+    printf "%s\n" "    rc:  Install Rust crates."
+    printf "%s\n" "     l:  Install libraries (i.e. executes all of the above steps in order listed)."
+    printf "%s\n" "  Manage:"
+    printf "%s\n" "     c:  Check status of managed software."
+    printf "%s\n" "     C:  Caffeinate machine."
+    printf "%s\n" "     w:  Clean work (temp) directory."
+    printf "%s\n\n" "     q:  Quit/Exit."
     read -p "Enter selection: " response
     printf "\n"
-    process_option $response
+    process_option "$response"
   else
-    process_option $1
+    process_option "$1"
   fi
 
   break

lib/installers.sh

@@ -1,149 +1,74 @@
-#! /bin/bash
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
 
-# DESCRIPTION
 # Defines software installer functions.
 
-# Mounts a disk image.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The image path.
-mount_image() {
-  printf "Mounting image...\n"
-  hdiutil attach -quiet -nobrowse -noautoopen "$1"
-}
-export -f mount_image
-
-# Unmounts a disk image.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The mount path.
-unmount_image() {
-  printf "Unmounting image...\n"
-  hdiutil detach -force "$1"
-}
-export -f unmount_image
-
-# Downloads an installer to local disk.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The URL.
-# $2 = The file name.
-# $3 = The HTTP header.
-download_installer() {
+# Label: Download File
+# Description: Download remote file to local disk.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): URL, $2 (required): File name, $3 (optional): HTTP header.
+download_file() {
   local url="$1"
   local file_name="$2"
   local http_header="$3"
 
   printf "%s\n" "Downloading $1..."
   clean_work_path
-  mkdir $MAC_OS_WORK_PATH
-  curl --header "$http_header" --location --retry 3 --retry-delay 5 --fail --silent --show-error "$url" >> "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH/$file_name"
+  mkdir "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH"
+
+  curl --header "$http_header" \
+       --location \
+       --retry 3 \
+       --retry-delay 5 \
+       --fail \
+       --silent \
+       --show-error \
+       "$url" >> "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH/$file_name"
 }
-export -f download_installer
+export -f download_file
 
-# Downloads an installer to the $HOME/Downloads folder for manual use.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The URL.
-# $2 = The file name.
-download_only() {
-  if [[ -e "$HOME/Downloads/$2" ]]; then
-    printf "Downloaded: $2.\n"
-  else
-    printf "Downloading $1...\n"
-    download_installer "$1" "$2"
-    mv "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH/$2" "$HOME/Downloads"
-  fi
-}
-export -f download_only
-
-# Installs a single file.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The URL.
-# $2 = The install path.
-install_file() {
-  local file_url="$1"
-  local file_name=$(get_file_name "$1")
-  local install_path="$2"
-
-  if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
-    printf "Installing: $install_path...\n"
-    download_installer "$file_url" "$file_name"
-    mkdir -p $(dirname "$install_path")
-    mv "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH/$file_name" "$install_path"
-    printf "Installed: $file_name.\n"
-    verify_path "$install_path"
-  fi
-}
-export -f install_file
-
-# Installs an application.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The application source path.
-# $2 = The application name.
+# Label: Install Application
+# Description: Install an application.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): Install path, $2 (required): Name.
 install_app() {
-  local install_root=$(get_install_root "$2")
-  local file_extension=$(get_file_extension "$2")
+  local install_path="$1"
+  local name="$2"
+  local install_root=""
+  local file_extension=""
 
-  printf "Installing: $install_root/$2...\n"
+  install_root=$(get_install_root "$name")
+  file_extension=$(get_extension "$name")
+
+  printf "%s\n" "Installing: $install_root/$name..."
 
   case $file_extension in
+    '')
+      cp -a "$install_path/$name" "$install_root";;
     'app')
-      cp -a "$1/$2" "$install_root";;
+      cp -a "$install_path/$name" "$install_root";;
     'prefPane')
-      sudo cp -pR "$1/$2" "$install_root";;
+      sudo cp -pR "$install_path/$name" "$install_root";;
     'qlgenerator')
-      sudo cp -pR "$1/$2" "$install_root" && qlmanage -r;;
+      sudo cp -pR "$install_path/$name" "$install_root" && qlmanage -r;;
     *)
-      printf "ERROR: Unknown file extension: $file_extension.\n"
+      printf "%s\n" "ERROR: Unknown file extension: $file_extension."
   esac
 }
 export -f install_app
 
-# Installs a package.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The package source path.
-# $2 = The application name.
-install_pkg() {
-  local install_root=$(get_install_root "$2")
-
-  printf "Installing: $install_root/$2...\n"
-  local package=$(sudo find "$1" -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.pkg" -o -name "*.mpkg")
-  sudo installer -pkg "$package" -target /
-}
-export -f install_pkg
-
-# Installs Java.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The URL.
-# $2 = The volume name.
-install_java() {
-  local url="$1"
-  local volume_path="/Volumes/$2"
-  local app_name="java"
-  local install_path="/usr/bin/$app_name"
-  local download_file="download.dmg"
-
-  download_installer "$url" "$download_file" "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie"
-  mount_image "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH/$download_file"
-  local package=$(sudo find "$volume_path" -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.pkg")
-  sudo installer -pkg "$package" -target /
-  unmount_image "$volume_path"
-  printf "Installed: $app_name.\n"
-}
-export -f install_java
-
-# Installs an application via a DMG file.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The URL.
-# $2 = The mount path.
-# $3 = The application name.
+# Label: Install DMG Application
+# Description: Install DMG application.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): URL, $2 (required): Mount path, $3 (required): Application name.
 install_dmg_app() {
   local url="$1"
   local mount_point="/Volumes/$2"
   local app_name="$3"
-  local install_path=$(get_install_path "$app_name")
-  local download_file="download.dmg"
+  local install_path=""
+  local work_file="download.dmg"
+
+  install_path=$(get_install_path "$app_name")
 
   if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
-    download_installer "$url" "$download_file"
-    mount_image "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH/$download_file"
+    download_file "$url" "$work_file"
+    mount_image "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH/$work_file"
     install_app "$mount_point" "$app_name"
     unmount_image "$mount_point"
     verify_application "$app_name"
@@ -151,139 +76,76 @@ install_dmg_app() {
 }
 export -f install_dmg_app
 
-# Installs a package via a DMG file.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The URL.
-# $2 = The mount path.
-# $3 = The application name.
+# Label: Install DMG Package
+# Description: Install DMG application via a package file.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): URL, $2 (required): Mount path, $3 (required): Application name.
 install_dmg_pkg() {
   local url="$1"
   local mount_point="/Volumes/$2"
   local app_name="$3"
-  local install_path=$(get_install_path "$app_name")
-  local download_file="download.dmg"
+  local install_path=""
+  local work_file="download.dmg"
+
+  install_path=$(get_install_path "$app_name")
 
   if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
-    download_installer "$url" "$download_file"
-    mount_image "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH/$download_file"
+    download_file "$url" "$work_file"
+    mount_image "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH/$work_file"
     install_pkg "$mount_point" "$app_name"
     unmount_image "$mount_point"
-    printf "Installed: $app_name.\n"
+    printf "%s\n" "Installed: $app_name."
     verify_application "$app_name"
   fi
 }
 export -f install_dmg_pkg
 
-# Installs an application via a zip file.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The URL.
-# $2 = The application name.
-install_zip_app() {
-  local url="$1"
-  local app_name="$2"
-  local install_path=$(get_install_path "$app_name")
-  local download_file="download.zip"
-
-  if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
-    download_installer "$url" "$download_file"
-
-    (
-      printf "Preparing...\n"
-      cd "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH"
-      unzip -q "$download_file"
-    )
-
-    install_app "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH" "$app_name"
-    printf "Installed: $app_name.\n"
-    verify_application "$app_name"
-  fi
-}
-export -f install_zip_app
-
-# Installs an application via a tar file.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The URL.
-# $2 = The application name.
-# $3 = The decompress options.
-install_tar_app() {
-  local url="$1"
-  local app_name="$2"
-  local options="$3"
-  local install_path=$(get_install_path "$app_name")
-  local download_file="download.tar"
-
-  if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
-    download_installer "$url" "$download_file"
-
-    (
-      printf "Preparing...\n"
-      cd "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH"
-      tar "$options" "$download_file"
-    )
-
-    install_app "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH" "$app_name"
-    printf "Installed: $app_name.\n"
-    verify_application "$app_name"
-  fi
-}
-export -f install_tar_app
-
-# Installs a package via a zip file.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The URL.
-# $2 = The application name.
-install_zip_pkg() {
-  local url="$1"
-  local app_name="$2"
-  local install_path=$(get_install_path "$app_name")
-  local download_file="download.zip"
-
-  if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
-    download_installer "$url" "$download_file"
-
-    (
-      printf "Preparing...\n"
-      cd "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH"
-      unzip -q "$download_file"
-    )
-
-    install_pkg "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH" "$app_name"
-    printf "Installed: $app_name.\n"
-    verify_application "$app_name"
-  fi
-}
-export -f install_zip_pkg
-
-# Installs application code from a Git repository.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = Repository URL.
-# $2 = Install path.
-# $3 = Git clone options (if any).
-install_git_app() {
-  local repository_url="$1"
-  local app_name=$(get_file_name "$2")
+# Label: Install File
+# Description: Install a single file.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): URL, $2 (required): Install path.
+install_file() {
+  local file_url="$1"
+  local file_name=""
   local install_path="$2"
+
+  file_name=$(get_basename "$1")
+
+  if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
+    download_file "$file_url" "$file_name"
+    mkdir -p $(dirname "$install_path")
+    mv "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH/$file_name" "$install_path"
+    printf "%s\n" "Installed: $file_name."
+    verify_path "$install_path"
+  fi
+}
+export -f install_file
+
+# Label: Install Git Application
+# Description: Install application from a Git repository.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): URL, $2 (required): Install path, $3 (optional): Git clone options.
+install_git_app() {
+  local url="$1"
+  local install_path="$2"
+  local app_name=""
   local options="--quiet"
 
+  app_name="$(get_basename "$2")"
+
   if [[ -n "$3" ]]; then
     local options="$options $3"
   fi
 
   if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
-    printf "Installing: $install_path/$app_name...\n"
-    git clone $options "$repository_url" "$install_path"
-    printf "Installed: $app_name.\n"
+    printf "%s\n" "Installing: $install_path..."
+    git clone $options "$url" "$install_path"
+    printf "%s\n" "Installed: $app_name."
     verify_path "$install_path"
   fi
 }
 export -f install_git_app
 
-# Installs settings from a Git repository.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The repository URL.
-# $2 = The repository version.
-# $3 = The project directory.
-# $4 = The script to run (including any arguments).
+# Label: Install Git Project
+# Description: Install Git project.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): URL, $2 (required): Version, $3 (required): Project directory, $4 (required): Script to run (including any arguments).
 install_git_project() {
   local repo_url="$1"
   local repo_version="$2"
@@ -293,9 +155,213 @@ install_git_project() {
   git clone "$repo_url"
   (
     cd "$project_dir"
-    git checkout "$repo_version"
+    git -c advice.detachedHead=false checkout "$repo_version"
     eval "$script"
   )
   rm -rf "$project_dir"
 }
 export -f install_git_project
+
+# Label: Install Homebrew
+# Description: Install and setup Homebrew.
+install_homebrew() {
+  if ! command -v brew > /dev/null; then
+    /bin/bash -c "$(curl --location --fail --silent --show-error https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
+    echo "eval \"($(get_homebrew_bin_root)/brew shellenv)\"" > "$HOME/.zprofile"
+    eval "$($(get_homebrew_bin_root)/brew shellenv)"
+  fi
+}
+export -f install_homebrew
+
+# Label: Install Bare Package
+# Description: Install a bare package.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): URL, $2 (required): Application name.
+install_bare_pkg() {
+  local url="$1"
+  local app_name="$2"
+  local install_path=""
+  local work_file="$app_name.pkg"
+
+  install_path=$(get_install_path "$app_name")
+
+  if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
+    download_file "$url" "$work_file"
+    install_pkg "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH" "$app_name"
+    printf "%s\n" "Installed: $app_name."
+    verify_application "$app_name"
+  fi
+}
+export -f install_bare_pkg
+
+# Label: Install Package
+# Description: Install local package.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): Package source path, $2 (required): Application name.
+install_pkg() {
+  local source_path="$1"
+  local name="$2"
+  local install_root=""
+  local package=""
+
+  install_root=$(get_install_root "$name")
+  package=$(sudo find "$source_path" -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.pkg" -o -name "*.mpkg")
+
+  printf "%s\n" "Installing: $install_root/$name..."
+  sudo installer -pkg "$package" -target /
+}
+export -f install_pkg
+
+# Label: Install Program
+# Description: Installs program without any packaging.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): URL, $2 (required): Name.
+install_program() {
+  local url="$1"
+  local program_name="$2"
+  local install_path=""
+
+  install_path=$(get_install_path "$program_name")
+
+  if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
+    download_file "$url" "$program_name"
+    mv "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH/$program_name" "$install_path"
+    chmod 755 "$install_path"
+    printf "%s\n" "Installed: $program_name."
+    verify_application "$program_name"
+  fi
+}
+export -f install_program
+
+# Label: Install Node
+# Description: Install and setup Node for local development.
+install_node() {
+  if [[ ! -x "$(command -v node)" ]]; then
+    "$(get_homebrew_bin_root)/fnm" install --latest
+  fi
+}
+export -f install_node
+
+# Label: Install Ruby
+# Description: Install and setup Ruby for local development.
+install_ruby() {
+  local version=""
+
+  version="$(cat $HOME/.ruby-version | tr -d '\n')"
+
+  if [[ ! -x "$(command -v ruby)" && -n $(ruby --version | grep --quiet "$version") ]]; then
+    "$(get_homebrew_bin_root)"/frum install "$version" \
+                                            --with-openssl-dir="$(brew --prefix openssl)" \
+                                            --enable-shared \
+                                            --disable-silent-rules
+    "$(get_homebrew_bin_root)"/frum local "$version"
+  fi
+}
+export -f install_ruby
+
+# Label: Install Rust
+# Description: Install and setup Rust for local development.
+install_rust() {
+  if ! command -v cargo > /dev/null; then
+    curl --proto "=https" --tlsv1.2 --fail --silent --show-error https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
+  fi
+}
+export -f install_rust
+
+# Label: Install Tar Application
+# Description: Install application from tar file.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): URL, $2 (required): Name, $3 (required): Decompress options.
+install_tar_app() {
+  local url="$1"
+  local app_name="$2"
+  local options="$3"
+  local install_path=""
+  local work_file="download.tar"
+
+  install_path=$(get_install_path "$app_name")
+
+  if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
+    download_file "$url" "$work_file"
+
+    (
+      printf "Preparing...\n"
+      cd "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH"
+      tar "$options" "$work_file"
+    )
+
+    install_app "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH" "$app_name"
+    printf "%s\n" "Installed: $app_name."
+    verify_application "$app_name"
+  fi
+}
+export -f install_tar_app
+
+# Label: Install Zip Application
+# Description: Install application from zip file.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): URL, $2 (required): Name.
+install_zip_app() {
+  local url="$1"
+  local app_name="$2"
+  local install_path=""
+  local work_file="download.zip"
+
+  install_path=$(get_install_path "$app_name")
+
+  if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
+    download_file "$url" "$work_file"
+
+    (
+      printf "Preparing...\n"
+      cd "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH"
+      unzip -q "$work_file"
+      find . -type d -name "$app_name" -print -exec cp -pR {} . > /dev/null 2>&1 \;
+    )
+
+    install_app "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH" "$app_name"
+    printf "%s\n" "Installed: $app_name."
+    verify_application "$app_name"
+  fi
+}
+export -f install_zip_app
+
+# Label: Install Zip Package
+# Description: Install application from a package within a zip file.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): URL, $2 (required): Application name.
+install_zip_pkg() {
+  local url="$1"
+  local app_name="$2"
+  local install_path=""
+  local work_file="download.zip"
+
+  install_path=$(get_install_path "$app_name")
+
+  if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
+    download_file "$url" "$work_file"
+
+    (
+      printf "Preparing...\n"
+      cd "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH"
+      unzip -q "$work_file"
+    )
+
+    install_pkg "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH" "$app_name"
+    printf "%s\n" "Installed: $app_name."
+    verify_application "$app_name"
+  fi
+}
+export -f install_zip_pkg
+
+# Label: Mount Image
+# Description: Mount disk image.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): Path.
+mount_image() {
+  printf "%s\n" "Mounting image..."
+  hdiutil attach -quiet -nobrowse -noautoopen "$1"
+}
+export -f mount_image
+
+# Label: Unmount Image
+# Description: Unmount disk image.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): Path.
+unmount_image() {
+  printf "%s\n" "Unmounting image..."
+  hdiutil detach -force "$1"
+}
+export -f unmount_image

lib/options.sh

@@ -1,55 +1,69 @@
-#! /bin/bash
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
 
-# DESCRIPTION
 # Defines command line prompt options.
 
-# Process option selection.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The option to process.
+
+# Label: Process Option
+# Description: Run script based on selection.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): The option to process.
 process_option() {
   case $1 in
     'B')
       bin/create_boot_disk;;
     'b')
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/apply_basic_settings";;
+      bin/install_basics;;
     't')
       bin/install_dev_tools;;
-    'h')
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_homebrew";;
+    'hf')
+      bin/install_homebrew_formulas;;
+    'hc')
+      bin/install_homebrew_casks;;
+    'm')
+      bin/install_app_store;;
     'a')
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_applications";;
+      bin/install_applications;;
     'x')
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_extensions";;
+      bin/install_extensions;;
     'd')
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/apply_default_settings";;
+      bin/install_defaults;;
     's')
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/setup_software";;
+      bin/install_shell;;
+    'r')
+      bin/restore_backup;;
     'i')
       caffeinate_machine
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/apply_basic_settings"
+      bin/install_basics
       bin/install_dev_tools
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_homebrew"
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_applications"
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_extensions"
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/apply_default_settings"
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/setup_software"
+      bin/install_homebrew_formulas
+      bin/install_homebrew_casks
+      bin/install_app_store
+      bin/install_applications
+      bin/install_extensions
+      bin/install_defaults
+      bin/install_shell
+      bin/restore_backup
       clean_work_path;;
-    'R')
-      "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/restore_backup";;
-    'c')
-      verify_homebrews
+    'np')
+      bin/install_node_packages;;
+    'rg')
+      bin/install_ruby_gems;;
+    'rc')
+      bin/install_rust_crates;;
+    'l')
+      bin/install_node_packages
+      bin/install_ruby_gems
+      bin/install_rust_crates;;
+   'c')
+      verify_homebrew_formulas
+      verify_homebrew_casks
+      verify_app_store_applications
       verify_applications
-      verify_extensions;;
+      verify_extensions
+      verify_node_packages
+      verify_ruby_gems
+      verify_rust_crates;;
     'C')
       caffeinate_machine;;
-    'ua')
-      uninstall_application;;
-    'ux')
-      uninstall_extension;;
-    'ra')
-      reinstall_application;;
-    'rx')
-      reinstall_extension;;
     'w')
       clean_work_path;;
     'q');;

lib/reinstallers.sh

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-#! /bin/bash
-
-# DESCRIPTION
-# Defines reinstall functions.
-
-# Reinstall application.
-reinstall_application() {
-  uninstall_application
-  scripts/applications.sh
-}
-export -f reinstall_application
-
-# Reinstall extension.
-reinstall_extension() {
-  uninstall_extension
-  scripts/extensions.sh
-}
-export -f reinstall_extension

lib/restorers.sh

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-#! /bin/bash
-
-# DESCRIPTION
-# Defines software restore functions.
-
-# Label: Restore Preference
-# Description: Restores an application preference.
-# Parameters: $1 (required) - The backup volume root path, $2 (required) - The preference file.
-restore_preference() {
-  local backup_root="$1"
-  local preference_file="$2"
-  local backup_path="$backup_root/Users/$USER/Library/Preferences/$preference_file"
-  local restore_root="$HOME/Library/Preferences"
-
-  cp -p "$backup_path" "$restore_root"
-}
-export -f restore_preference
-
-# Label: Restore Application Support
-# Description: Restores application support files.
-# Parameters: $1 (required) - The backup volume root path, $2 required - The application name.
-restore_app_support() {
-  local backup_root="$1"
-  local app_name="$2"
-  local backup_path="$backup_root/Users/$USER/Library/Application Support/$app_name"
-  local restore_path="$HOME/Library/Application Support"
-
-  mkdir -p "$restore_path"
-  cp -pR "$backup_path" "$restore_path"
-}
-export -f restore_app_support

lib/settings.sh

@@ -1,22 +1,11 @@
-#! /bin/bash
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
 
-# DESCRIPTION
-# Defines global settings.
-
-# SETTINGS
-# General
 set -o nounset
 set -o errexit
 set -o pipefail
 IFS=$'\n\t'
 
-# Globals
-export MAC_OS_BOOT_DISK_CREATOR="/Applications/Install macOS Sierra.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia"
+export MAC_OS_BOOT_DISK_CREATOR="/Applications/Install macOS Sonoma.app/Contents/Resources/createinstallmedia"
 export MAC_OS_BOOT_DISK_PATH="/Volumes/Untitled"
-export MAC_OS_INSTALLER_PATH="/Applications/Install macOS Sierra.app"
 export MAC_OS_WORK_PATH=/tmp/downloads
 export MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH="../mac_os-config"
-
-# Java
-export JAVA_VOLUME_NAME="JDK 8 Update 101"
-export JAVA_URL="http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-macosx-x64.dmg"

lib/uninstallers.sh

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-#! /bin/bash
-
-# DESCRIPTION
-# Defines uninstall functions.
-
-# Uninstalls selected application.
-uninstall_application() {
-  # Only use environment keys that end with "APP_NAME".
-  local keys=($(set | awk -F "=" '{print $1}' | grep ".*APP_NAME"))
-
-  printf "Select application to uninstall:\n"
-  for ((index = 0; index < ${#keys[*]}; index++)); do
-    local app_file="${!keys[$index]}"
-    printf "  $index: ${app_file}\n"
-  done
-  printf "  q: Quit/Exit\n\n"
-
-  read -p "Enter selection: " response
-  printf "\n"
-
-  local regex="^[0-9]+$"
-  if [[ $response =~ $regex ]]; then
-    local app_file="${!keys[$response]}"
-    local app_path=$(get_install_path "${app_file}")
-    sudo rm -rf "$app_path"
-    printf "Uninstalled: ${app_path}\n"
-  fi
-}
-export -f uninstall_application
-
-# Uninstalls selected extension.
-uninstall_extension() {
-  # Only use environment keys that end with "EXTENSION_PATH".
-  local keys=($(set | awk -F "=" '{print $1}' | grep ".*EXTENSION_PATH"))
-
-  printf "Select extension to uninstall:\n"
-  for ((index = 0; index < ${#keys[*]}; index++)); do
-    local extension_path="${!keys[$index]}"
-    printf "  $index: ${extension_path}\n"
-  done
-  printf "  q: Quit/Exit\n\n"
-
-  read -p "Enter selection: " response
-  printf "\n"
-
-  local regex="^[0-9]+$"
-  if [[ $response =~ $regex ]]; then
-    local extension_path="${!keys[$response]}"
-    rm -rf "${extension_path}"
-    printf "Uninstalled: ${extension_path}\n"
-  fi
-}
-export -f uninstall_extension

lib/utilities.sh

@@ -1,40 +1,93 @@
-#! /bin/bash
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
 
-# DESCRIPTION
 # Defines general utility functions.
 
-# Answers the file name.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The file path.
-get_file_name() {
-  printf "${1##*/}" # Answers file or directory name.
+# Label: Caffeinate Machine
+# Description: Keep machine running for a very long time.
+caffeinate_machine() {
+  if [[ -n "$(pgrep -x caffeinate)" ]]; then
+    printf "Machine is already caffeinated!\n"
+  else
+    caffeinate -s -u -d -i -t 3153600000 > /dev/null &
+    printf "Machine caffeinated.\n"
+  fi
 }
-export -f get_file_name
+export -f caffeinate_machine
 
-# Answers the file extension.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The file name.
-get_file_extension() {
-  local name=$(get_file_name "$1")
-  local extension="${1##*.}" # Excludes dot.
+# Label: Clean Work Path
+# Description: Clean work path of artifacts.
+clean_work_path() {
+  rm -rf "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH"
+}
+export -f clean_work_path
+
+# Label: Get Basename
+# Description: Answer file or directory basename.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): Path.
+get_basename() {
+  printf "%s" "${1##*/}"
+}
+export -f get_basename
+
+# Label: Get Extension
+# Description: Answer file extension without dot prefix.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): Path.
+get_extension() {
+  local name=""
+  local extension="${1##*.}"
+
+  name=$(get_basename "$1")
 
   if [[ "$name" == "$extension" ]]; then
     printf ''
   else
-    printf "$extension"
+    printf "%s" "$extension"
   fi
 }
-export -f get_file_extension
+export -f get_extension
 
-# Answers the root install path for file name.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The file name.
+# Label: Get Homebrew Root
+# Description: Answer Homebrew root path.
+get_homebrew_root() {
+  if [[ "$(/usr/bin/arch)" == "arm64" ]]; then
+    printf "%s" "/opt/homebrew"
+  else
+    printf "%s" "/usr/local/Homebrew"
+  fi
+}
+export -f get_homebrew_root
+
+# Label: Get Homebrew Bin Root
+# Description: Answer Homebrew binary root path.
+get_homebrew_bin_root() {
+  if [[ "$(/usr/bin/arch)" == "arm64" ]]; then
+    printf "%s" "/opt/homebrew/bin"
+  else
+    printf "%s" "/usr/local/bin"
+  fi
+}
+export -f get_homebrew_bin_root
+
+# Label: Get Install Path
+# Description: Answer full install path (including file name).
+# Parameters: $1 (required): Path.
+get_install_path() {
+  local file_name="$1"
+  local install_path=""
+
+  install_path=$(get_install_root "$file_name")
+
+  printf "%s" "$install_path/$file_name"
+}
+export -f get_install_path
+
+# Label: Get Install Root
+# Description: Answer root install path.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): Path.
 get_install_root() {
   local file_name="$1"
-  local file_extension=$(get_file_extension "$file_name")
 
-  # Dynamically build the install path based on file extension.
-  case $file_extension in
+  case $(get_extension "$file_name") in
     '')
       printf "/usr/local/bin";;
     'app')
@@ -49,31 +102,27 @@ get_install_root() {
 }
 export -f get_install_root
 
-# Answers the full install path (including file name) for file name.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The file name.
-get_install_path() {
-  local file_name="$1"
-  local install_path=$(get_install_root "$file_name")
-  printf "$install_path/$file_name"
-}
-export -f get_install_path
-
-# Cleans work path for temporary processing of installs.
-clean_work_path() {
-  rm -rf "$MAC_OS_WORK_PATH"
-}
-export -f clean_work_path
-
-# Caffeinate machine.
-caffeinate_machine() {
-  local pid=$(ps aux | grep caffeinate | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}')
-
-  if [[ -n "$pid" ]]; then
-    printf "Whoa, tweaker, machine is already caffeinated!\n"
-  else
-    caffeinate -s -u -d -i -t 3153600000 > /dev/null &
-    printf "Machine caffeinated.\n"
+# Label: Check Mac App Store Install
+# Description: Check Mac App Store (mas) CLI has been installed.
+check_mas_install() {
+  if ! command -v mas > /dev/null; then
+    printf "%s\n" "ERROR: Mac App Store (mas) CLI can't be found."
+    printf "%s\n" "       Please ensure mas (i.e. brew install mas) is installed."
+    exit 1
   fi
 }
-export -f caffeinate_machine
+export -f check_mas_install
+
+# Label: Configure Environment
+# Description: Configure shell and ensure PATH is properly configured.
+configure_environment() {
+  if [[ ! -s "$HOME/.bash_profile" ]]; then
+    printf "%s\n" "if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc; fi" > "$HOME/.bash_profile"
+  fi
+
+  if [[ ! -s "$HOME/.bashrc" ]]; then
+    printf "%s\n" 'export PATH="/opt/homebrew/bin:/opt/homebrew/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin"' > "$HOME/.bashrc"
+    source "$HOME/.bashrc"
+  fi
+}
+export -f configure_environment

lib/verifiers.sh

@@ -1,101 +1,66 @@
-#! /bin/bash
+#! /usr/bin/env bash
 
-# DESCRIPTION
 # Defines verification/validation functions.
 
-# Verifies Homebrew software exists.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The file name.
-verify_homebrew() {
-  local application="$1"
-  local applications="$2"
+# Label: Verify App Store Applications
+# Description: Check for missing App Store applications.
+verify_app_store_applications() {
+  local applications=""
 
-  if [[ "${applications[*]}" != *"$application"* ]]; then
-    printf " - Missing: $application\n"
-  fi
-}
-export -f verify_homebrew
-
-# Checks for missing Homebrew software.
-verify_homebrews() {
-  printf "Checking Homebrew software...\n"
-
-  local applications="$(brew list)"
+  printf "\n%s\n" "Checking App Store applications..."
+  applications="$(mas list)"
 
   while read line; do
-    # Skip blank or comment lines.
-    if [[ "$line" == "brew install"* ]]; then
-      local application=$(printf "$line" | awk '{print $3}')
-
-      # Exception: "gpg" is the binary but is listed as "gnugp".
-      if [[ "$application" == "gpg" ]]; then
-        application="gnupg"
-      fi
-
-      # Exception: "hg" is the binary but is listed as "mercurial".
-      if [[ "$application" == "hg" ]]; then
-        application="mercurial"
-      fi
-
-      verify_homebrew "$application" "${applications[*]}"
+    if [[ "$line" == "mas install"* ]]; then
+      application=$(printf "$line" | awk '{print $3}')
+      verify_listed_application "$application" "${applications[*]}"
     fi
-  done < "$PWD/scripts/homebrew.sh"
+  done < "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_app_store"
 
-  printf "Homebrew check complete.\n"
+  printf "%s\n" "App Store check complete."
 }
-export -f verify_homebrews
+export -f verify_app_store_applications
 
-# Verifies application exists.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The file name.
+# Label: Verify Application
+# Description: Verify application exists.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): File name.
 verify_application() {
   local file_name="$1"
 
-  # Display the missing install if not found.
-  local install_path=$(get_install_path "$file_name")
-
-  if [[ ! -e "$install_path" ]]; then
-    printf " - Missing: $file_name\n"
+  if [[ ! -e "$(get_install_path "$file_name")" ]]; then
+    printf "%s\n" " - Missing: $file_name"
   fi
 }
 export -f verify_application
 
-# Checks for missing applications suffixed by "APP_NAME" as defined in settings.sh.
+# Label: Verify Applications
+# Description: Check for missing applications suffixed by "APP_NAME" as defined in settings.
 verify_applications() {
-  printf "\nChecking application software...\n"
+  local file_names=""
+
+  printf "\n%s\n" "Checking application software..."
 
   # Only use environment keys that end with "APP_NAME".
-  local file_names=$(set | awk -F "=" '{print $1}' | grep ".*APP_NAME")
+  file_names=$(set | awk -F "=" '{print $1}' | grep ".*APP_NAME")
 
   # For each application name, check to see if the application is installed. Otherwise, skip.
   for name in $file_names; do
-    # Pass the key value to verfication.
     verify_application "${!name}"
   done
 
-  printf "Application software check complete.\n"
+  printf "%s\n" "Application software check complete."
 }
 export -f verify_applications
 
-# Verifies path exists.
-# Parameters:
-# $1 = The path.
-verify_path() {
-  local path="$1"
-
-  # Display the missing path if not found.
-  if [[ ! -e "$path" ]]; then
-    printf " - Missing: $path\n"
-  fi
-}
-export -f verify_path
-
-# Checks for missing extensions suffixed by "EXTENSION_PATH" as defined in settings.sh.
+# Label: Verify Extensions
+# Description: Check for missing extensions suffixed by "EXTENSION_PATH" as defined in settings.
 verify_extensions() {
-  printf "\nChecking application extensions...\n"
+  local extensions=""
+
+  printf "\n%s\n" "Checking application extensions..."
 
   # Only use environment keys that end with "EXTENSION_PATH".
-  local extensions=$(set | awk -F "=" '{print $1}' | grep ".*EXTENSION_PATH")
+  extensions=$(set | awk -F "=" '{print $1}' | grep ".*EXTENSION_PATH")
 
   # For each extension, check to see if the extension is installed. Otherwise, skip.
   for extension in $extensions; do
@@ -103,6 +68,135 @@ verify_extensions() {
     verify_path "${!extension}"
   done
 
-  printf "Application extension check complete.\n"
+  printf "%s\n" "Application extension check complete."
 }
 export -f verify_extensions
+
+# Label: Verify Homebrew Casks
+# Description: Check for missing Homebrew casks.
+verify_homebrew_casks() {
+  local applications=""
+
+  printf "\nChecking Homebrew casks...\n"
+
+  applications="$(brew list --casks)"
+
+  while read line; do
+    if [[ "$line" == "brew cask install"* ]]; then
+      application=$(printf "%s" "$line" | awk '{print $4}')
+      verify_listed_application "$application" "${applications[*]}"
+    fi
+  done < "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_homebrew_casks"
+
+  printf "%s\n" "Homebrew cask check complete."
+}
+export -f verify_homebrew_casks
+
+# Label: Verify Homebrew Formulas
+# Description: Check for missing Homebrew formulas.
+verify_homebrew_formulas() {
+  local applications=""
+
+  printf "Checking Homebrew formulas...\n"
+
+  applications="$(brew list --formulae)"
+
+  while read line; do
+    if [[ "$line" == "brew install"* ]]; then
+      application=$(printf "%s" "$line" | awk '{print $3}')
+
+      # Exception: "gpg" is the binary but is listed as "gnugp".
+      if [[ "$application" == "gpg" ]]; then
+        application="gnupg"
+      fi
+
+      verify_listed_application "$application" "${applications[*]}"
+    fi
+  done < "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_homebrew_formulas"
+
+  printf "%s\n" "Homebrew formula check complete."
+}
+export -f verify_homebrew_formulas
+
+# Label: Verify Listed Application
+# Description: Verify listed application exists.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): Current application, $2 (required): Application list.
+verify_listed_application() {
+  local application="$1"
+  local applications="$2"
+
+  if [[ "${applications[*]}" != *"$application"* ]]; then
+    printf "%s\n" " - Missing: $application"
+  fi
+}
+export -f verify_listed_application
+
+# Label: Verify Path
+# Description: Verify path exists.
+# Parameters: $1 (required): Path.
+verify_path() {
+  local path="$1"
+
+  if [[ ! -e "$path" ]]; then
+    printf "%s\n" " - Missing: $path"
+  fi
+}
+export -f verify_path
+
+# Label: Verify Node Packages
+# Description: Check for missing Node packages.
+verify_node_packages() {
+  printf "\n%s\n" "Checking Node packages..."
+
+  while read line; do
+    if [[ "$line" == "npm "* ]]; then
+      package=$(printf "$line" | awk '{print $4}')
+      packages=($(npm list --global --depth=0 | grep "$package"))
+
+      verify_listed_application "$package" "${packages[*]}"
+    fi
+  done < "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_node_packages"
+
+  printf "%s\n" "Node packages check complete."
+}
+export -f verify_node_packages
+
+# Label: Verify Ruby Gems
+# Description: Check for missing Ruby gems.
+verify_ruby_gems() {
+  local gems=""
+
+  printf "\n%s\n" "Checking Ruby gems..."
+
+  gems="$(gem list --no-versions)"
+
+  while read line; do
+    if [[ "$line" == "gem install"* ]]; then
+      gem=$(printf "%s" "$line" | awk '{print $3}')
+      verify_listed_application "$gem" "${gems[*]}"
+    fi
+  done < "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_ruby_gems"
+
+  printf "%s\n" "Ruby gems check complete."
+}
+export -f verify_ruby_gems
+
+# Label: Verify Rust Crates
+# Description: Check for missing Rust crates.
+verify_rust_crates() {
+  local crates=""
+
+  printf "\n%s\n" "Checking Rust crates..."
+
+  crates="$(ls -A1 $HOME/.cargo/bin)"
+
+  while read line; do
+    if [[ "$line" == "cargo install"* ]]; then
+      crate=$(printf "%s" "$line" | awk '{print $3}')
+      verify_listed_application "$crate" "${crates[*]}"
+    fi
+  done < "$MAC_OS_CONFIG_PATH/bin/install_rust_crates"
+
+  printf "%s\n" "Rust crates check complete."
+}
+export -f verify_rust_crates